Kiln and furnace



(No Modl.) A

J. DRUBOKER.

vKILN AND PURNAGE..

Patented Mar. 4, 1884-.

4 Sheets-Sheet l.

No. 294,453.y

N. PEYERS, Ptmlmxhognpher. wnmingmn. DA1

4 Sh'eets-Sheet '2.

(No Model.)

J. DRUEGKB-R. KILN ANDv PURNAGE.-

No. 294,453. Patntedlvra. 4, 1884.

r e ,ma E Jn a 0 (No Model.) .4 sheetsshew s.

- JQDRUBGKBR.

' KILN AND PURNAGE. v

1\I0.294,453I y 'Patented Mar.'4,1884.

N. PLTERS. Phomuuwmpmr. wnhingwn, D. C.

(No Model.) L 4 sheets-'sheet 4.

JfDRUECKBR. KILN AND'FURNAGB. i v No. 294,453. Patented-Mam. 4, 1884.

N. PUERS. Phmfyuchugmnuf, washiwglnn, D. c.

NiTED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN DBUECKER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

KILN AND EURNAcE.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 294,453, dated March 4, 1884.

' Application filed August 13, 1883. (No model.)

.To @ZZ whom, zt may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JOHN DRUEOKER, a citi# zen of the United States, residing in Chicago,

in thecounty of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Kilns and Furnaces, of which the following is a specification. y

My invention relates to improvements in vfurnaces and kilns for burning lime, cement, brick, Snc.

The principal object of the invention is to produce a complete and perfect combustion of the fuel and at the place where the-heat is desired, and thus to effect a material saving in the quantity of fuel required in burning the lime, brick, cement, &c., and to also provide means for controlling or regulating the degree of heat and keeping the same at all times'under the will of the operator.

These results I accomplish, and herein m invention consists, by first manufacturing or converting the coal orfuel into gas and then conducting the same into a secondary or mixing chamber or re-box in the kiln in the immediate vicinity of the place where the heat is desired to be used, and where the gas is met by a supply of hot air,which is conveyed from beneath the grate of the gas-producer to this.

mixing-chamber, so that the actual combustion may be made to take place where the heat is desired. To insure the intimate commingling of the gas and hot airin'this secondary chamber and the complete combustion of the former, the gas and hotair passages are divided and subdivided, near their mouth or the place where the gas and airl are delivered into this secondary chamber, and there these small subdivided currents. of gas and air as they enter the mixing-chamber meet each other at an angle, so as to more thoroughly commingle regulated and the degree of heat thus controlled. By increasing the supply of air the combustion may be made to take place to a greater or less degree in the secondary mixingchamber, as may be desired. By diminishing the supply of air or increasing the supply of gas the combustion may be made to take place to a greater or less extent, as may be'desired, in the retort of the kiln containing the stone, brick, or other material to be burned, bak'ed, or heated. A

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which similar letters oi' reference indicate like parts, I have illustrated my invention as applied to a kiln for burning lime. The base or bottom of the lime-retort of the kiln thus illustrated is inclined, so that the lime as it is formed by the burning of the stone will fall down or automatically deliver itself when the door is opened. The mouth of this inclined base or chute projects or is `arched over, so that a Wheelbarrow or other receptacle for the lime maybe run under said arch to receive the lime as it falls from the inclined base of the retort.

In the drawings, -Figure l is a central vertical section through the secondary or mixing chamber. Fig. 2 is 'a vertical section at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 1 on line a: x. Fig. 3 is a section taken Aon the line x w of Fig. l, and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on the line y y of Fig. 1.

I n the drawings, A represents the masonry forming the base of the kiln, and B the briek- .work of the kiln surrounding the retort C.

fuel-receiving hopper d3, which is closed by a cap, d?, and poker-holes d5, for stirring the fires. 'Ihe fuel-receiving hole or hopper d3 is provided with the pivoted valve or dumper d6, which is operated by the weighted lever d?.

In supplying the coal or fuel to the chamber or fire-box D, the cap d* is first removed and the fuel shoveled into the hopper di, resting upon the dumper d6. placed, when thedumper is turned by the weighted lever dl, thus discharging the charge of fuel into the fire-box D. By this means it will be observed that the hopper d3 is always kept closed, thus preventing the gas in the chamber D igniting or breaking into a fiame. E is the passage for conveying the gas from the furnace or chamber D to the secondary mixing recuperator or regenerator chambers The cap d* is then re- IOO F F. rlhis gas-passage E extends up through the masonry of the kiln, and is provided with an enlargement or gas-reservoir, G, near its base. The function of the gas-reservoir G is to equalize the supply of gas to the mixingchambers F F by affording a reserve supply, which may be called upon when there is any momentary inequality in the quantity of gas produced from the fire box or chamber D. The lower part of the passage E, connecting the gas-reservoir G with the furnace D, is provided with a valve or dumper, g, by means of which connection with the furnace may be absolutely cut off. This valve is of special service when it is desired to clean out the gas-passage E.

H represents an opening closed by the cap h, through which the gas-passage E may be cleaned, and H isa trap or opening through which the loosened soot or dirt may fall into the receptacle H2, back of the ash-pan or space d', below the grate d. This opening H is closed by a door, h. The gas-passage Eis provided with a damper or valve, c, having a handle, e', by means of which the supply of gas to the mixing-chambers F F may be regulated at will or out off entirely.V The gas-passage E, before it reaches the secondary chambers F F, is divided into a number of small passages, c, so as to deliver the gas to the secondary chamber in small currents and distribute the same throughout said chamber.

K is a hot-air-supply passage extending up through the masonry and leading from the space d below the grated, where the air is heated, tothemixing-chambersFF. Thclower part of this air-passage K maybe made of viron pipes l.: or masonry, as may be preferred. The air is supplied to the chamber d', below the grate d, through the port It. The air-passage K is provided with a damper, k2, having a handle, k3. By means of this damper the supply of hot air to the secondary chambers FF may be always regulated. rIhe air-passage K, before it reaches the secondary chambers F F, is divided into a number of small passages, I), which alternate with the gas-passages a, so as to divide the hot-air current into a number of small currents and distribute them throughout the secondary chamber iF F, and at the same time bring them in close proximity with the gas passages or currents. The air-passages b and gas-passages a are formed byleaving out alternate courses of the brick or masonry, and said passages alternate with each other and issue into the secondary chambers F F through alternate po'rts a b', between the inclined course of fire-bricks c, which serve to deiiect or incline the gas and air currents toward each other, so as to cause the gas and air to intimately mix together as they enter the secondary chambers.

c', c2, and c are a series of ports leading from the rire-boxes F into the retort or chamber C, wherein the stone or material to be baked,

burned, or heated is contained. The lower set of ports, c, I make the largest, and the upper set, c", the smallest, while the middle set, c, is of intermediate size.

M M are peek-holes through the exterior wall of the kiln. and opening into the secondary chambers F F, through which the state of the fire may be observed when desired. These peek-holes or windows M M are closed with iron plates m, which are provided with small holes m therein. The attendant can also determine the condition of the heat or fire by observing the degree of pressure or force of the small current of air or gas issuing from the secondary chamber through the holes m.

N is an annular ange or projection projccting from the interior wall of the kiln into the retort or chamber C, for the purpose of deilecting the products of combustion or currents issuing through the ports cg c2 c from the interior wall of the retort, so that the same will pass up through the mass of stone or material therein.

O and O are holes through which the stone or material in the retort may be examined from time to time and poked or stirred, as may be desired. The retort C has an inclined base, P, which serves as a chute to deliver the lime when it is calcined.

P is a gate or door at the bottom of this inclined base l?, for drawing out theliine and to give it an additional supply of air, if desired.

Q, is an arched cavity projecting under the door F', into which cavity a wheelbarrow or other receptacle for the lime may be placed when the door P is opened, so that the lime Will fall from the chute into said receptacle, and thus save the labor of shoveling or handling it.

My invention may be applied not only to kilns for burning lime, cement, brick, or other analogous substances, but also to all kinds of furnaces, boilers, and general ring, Where a steady or continuous fire is kept up from day to day.

By converting the coal or fuel into gas in a separate fire-box or gas-producer, and then conveying the gas thus formed into a vsecondary mixing, regenerator, or recuperator chamber, and subdividing the gas-current into a number of small currents as it enters said secondary chamber, and causing the same to there meet and commingle with alternate hot-air currents, the combustion is rendered absolutely perfect and smokeless,- and the heat produced at the point where it is desired, so that more than one-half the fuel may be saved.

In the practical operation of my invention as applied to a limekiln, I have found that only about one-fourth of the amount of fuel required by the old kilns I have used is necessary. It will be observed that by my invention none of the heat produced by the combustion of the fuel is lost. The heat produced by the partial combustion which takes place in the chamber D, where the gas is formed, is all IOO IIO

utilized in heating the hot air and gas which I aresupplied to the secondary chambers F F through the passages E and K and their branches a a and bl).

The operation of my invention is as follows: rIhe coal or fuel is first converted in the chamber or re-box D into gas, the draft of air admitted to said chamber through the grate being just sufficient to carry on the combustion of the fuel to the point 'necessary to produce gas and smoke, but Without igniting the gas or causing name-that is to say, the chamber D is kept at a red heat, fresh fuel being sup-v plied or the fire stirred, or the dampers g or e regulated whenever required to prevent flame or ignition of the gas in the chamber D. The gas thus produced passes up through the gaspassage Eand its branches a, and issues into the secondary chambers F F through the ports a. At the same time the hot air heated in the chamber d, beneath the grate c1, passes up through the hot-air passage K and its branches b and issues into the chambers F F through the Aports b', which alternate with the ports d', the inclined rebrick c serving to deflect the air and gas currents toward each other, so that the air and gas become intimately mi-xed in thechambers F F. AAny desired extent of combustion may be made to take place in the' secondary chambers F F by simply increasing or diminishing the relative supply of air and gas by means of the dampers k2 and e; but ordinarily I maintain the chambers F F at a simple dark-red color. n F F the intimately-mixed gas and air issue through the ports c, c, and c3 into the retort C, and up through the stone or material therein, wherein the complete and perfect combustion of the gas takes place and the greatest heat is produced, the same burning at a clear white heat and absolutely smokeless.

In the drawings, the air-passages K and b are shown of the same size as the gas-passages E and a, which is a suitable 'proportion if cold air should be used; but with hot air, which it is preferable to use, the air-passages should be from twice to thrice the capacity of the gaspa-ssages. -By making the lower ports,v c', largest the greatest heat is-produced low in the retort C. If it should be desired to have the greatest heat up high in the retort, the upper ports, c3, should be the largest.

'1. The combination, in a kiln, of a retort or receptacle for holding the material to be baked or burned, with a gas producer or furnace, a separate secondary chamber surrounding s'aid retort, and a passage for conducting the gas from the gas-producer to the secondary chamber, and an air-passage for conducting hot air from the gas-producer to the secondary charnber, substantially as specied;

2. The combination, in a kiln, of a retort, with a gas producer or furnace, a secondary chamber surrounding said retort, and having ports leading into the same, a gas-passage lead- From the chambers ing from vsaid producer to said chamber and subdivided into a number of small passages or branches, and an air-passage leading from said gas-producer and subdivided into a number of small passages or branches, substantially as specified.,

3. The combination, ina kiln, of a retort, with a gas-producer, a secondary chamber surroundingl said retort, and having a series of ports leading into said retort, and provided with a series of air and gas inlet ports distributed over its interior, of separate air and gas passages connecting said' air and gas inlet ports with said gas-producer, and provided With dampers or valves for regulating and controlling the supply of gas and air, as may be required, substantially as specified.

. 4. The combination, in a kiln, With a retort, C, of fire-box D, grate d, ash-pan d', gas-pas sage E, gas-reservoir G, valve g, for closing said passage E between said reservoir and nre-box, secondary chamber F, and air-passage K, leading into said secondary chamber from the ash-pan d, said secondary chamber F being provided with' a graduated series of ports, c, c2, and ci, the smaller series of said ports being arranged above the othe'rs, sub` stantially as specified.

5. The combination, in a kiln, of a retort or receptacle for holding the material to be baked or burned, With a secondary mixing recuperator or regenerator chamber surround-` opening into the same, and provided with a series of air and gas inlet ports distributed over its interior, separate air and gas passages connecting said air and gas inlet ports with said gas-producer, said gas passage being provided with a supplemental gas-reservoir for regulating and rendering uniform the supply of gas to saidr secondary chamber, substantially as specified.

7. The combination, with retort C, of sec-v ondary chambers -F F, surrounding said retort, and providedwith ports c, 02, and c3, leading into said retort, and air-inlet ports b', and gas-inlet ports: a', gas-producing chamber or fire-box D, gas-passage E, provided with damper e, and branches a, connecting said chambers F F with said hre-box D, ash-pan d', and air-passage K, provided with damper 7a2, and branches b, connecting said ash-pan d with said chambers F F, said air and gas branch passages a andv b and inlet-ports a and IOO IIO

bbeing` arranged alternate with each other7 substantially as specified.

S. The combination, with gas-producing chamber or re-box D and grate d, of fuel- 5 hopper d, cup (1*, pivoted dumper d, provided With lever dl, Substantially as specified.

9. The combination of retort C with a gasprodueer, :t secondary chamber surrounding said retort, and provided with ports opening Io into Said retort, and air and gus inlet ports connected with said gus-producer by means of separate air-passages and gas-passages, and a door, P, :Lt the bottom of said retort, through which additional air muy be admitted to said retort, substantially as specified.

Chicago7 Illinois, August l0, 1883.

JOHN DRUECKER. VtneSSes:

T. EVERETT BROWN, H. M. MUNDAY. 

